Metformin
Diabetes
First-line oral agent for type 2 diabetes.
Generic name: Metformin hydrochloride
Brand names: Glucophage, Glucofine, Metformin Stada
Prescription required
Dosage
Adults: 500 mg twice daily with meals, titrated up to 2000 mg/day over 2 weeks. Extended-release formulations allow once-daily dosing.
Side effects
GI upset (nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain), metallic taste, vitamin B12 deficiency with long-term use. Rare: lactic acidosis.
Contraindications
eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m², acute / unstable heart failure, severe hepatic impairment, conditions predisposing to lactic acidosis.
Description
Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity without causing hypoglycemia as monotherapy. First-line per all major diabetes guidelines, including the Vietnam Ministry of Health protocols.